Ch-4 PLANNING TOPIC-1 What Does “Planning” Mean? At its core, planning means deciding what to study, how to study it, when to study, and who you might turn to for support. It involves setting clear goals and preparing an effective roadmap to reach them . “Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, … Read more

TOPIC-1 MEANING OF BUSINSESS ENVIRONMENT The term business environment means the totality of al  individuals , institutions and other forces that are outside a business but that potentially affect its performance . Business environment can be characterized in terms of :- Totality of external forces Specific and general forces Inter-relatedness Dynamic nature Uncertainty Complexity Relativity … Read more

TOPIC-1 INTRODUCTION Management is the backbone of any organization, guiding resources and people toward achieving common goals effectively and efficiently. The Principles of Management serve as fundamental guidelines that help managers plan, organize, lead, and control business activities. These principles, developed through years of research and practical experience, provide a framework for decision-making and organizational … Read more

Ch-1 NATIRE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT TOPIC-1 🌱 Nature of Management Goal‑oriented process Management is a structured process aimed at achieving specific objectives—whether in business, government, healthcare, or non-profits. It aligns resources, people, and activities toward these goals . Universal and pervasive Its principles apply broadly, across different types of organizations and cultures. Whether you’re … Read more